中国收复西南沙群岛70周年纪念活动中英文对照发言(9)

从民事管辖视角谈谈70年前

收复西南沙群岛的伟大历史功绩

陆俊华 海南省人民政府副省长

　　尊敬的吴司令、苗政委，各位来宾、朋友们：

　　今天，是一个值得我们永远纪念的日子。70年前的今天，在反法西斯战争取得胜利后，西南沙群岛又回到了祖国的怀抱。海南人民与全国人民一道，无比欢欣鼓舞。

　　浩瀚南海，岛礁列布，我们的祖先在汉朝甚至更早的时代就曾到达南海，发现、命名和开发南海诸岛。汉朝文献《异物志》中提到了“涨海崎头”，其中“涨海”就是我国古代先民对南海的形象称呼。海南因南海而生、得南海之名、伴南海而兴。南海是海南渔民心中神圣的“祖宗海”，海南的渔民历代都在南海海域从事捕鱼和航海活动，并在南海岛屿上留下了很多遗迹，至今西沙甘泉岛上依然保存有唐宋建筑遗迹。许多海南渔民在南海诸岛上劳作和生活，甚至长眠在这些岛屿上，至今岛上仍保留着他们的坟墓。当时渔民们为了祈求平安，祈求能够从这些岛屿上平安返回大陆，建造了很多庙宇，我们称之为“兄弟公庙”。海南渔民在往返南海并进行生产的过程中，积累多年经验形成了《更路簿》，成为南海渔民世代相传的航海记录，“更”是古代距离单位，“路”指的是航向，《更路簿》不仅标有岛屿和礁盘的位置、航行线路，还标有渔场分布情况。在目前存世的《更路簿》中，共收录南海诸岛地名 98个，其中西沙群岛22个，南沙群岛76个。

　　中国对南海的治理历经数千年，特别是秦汉以来，历代政府对南海及其诸岛都实行了有效的、不间断的行政管辖。隋唐时代在琼州设置都督府，把西南中沙群岛划入振州管辖；自宋朝起设立了“巡海水师”，巡辖卫戍南海；明朝时增置了海防同知等官职，并在广东都司下设立了海南卫，其下置清澜、儋州、崖州等守御千户所，担负南海巡辖卫戍之责；清朝时设立崖州协水师营，巡辖南海诸岛及其海域。新中国成立后，广东、海南承辖南海，管辖三沙，都是历史的承接。1959年3月，西南中沙工委成立，干部实行轮换驻岛；2012年7月，在西沙永兴岛成立三沙市，标志着中国对包括西南沙群岛在内的南海的行政管辖进入了新的时代。

　　三沙设市四年多来，政权建设运转有序，基层政权实现西南沙群岛有居民岛礁的全覆盖，积极为岛上居民提供基本公共服务；大力发展海洋旅游等特色经济，已有100多家企业在三沙注册，为海洋资源开发和海洋新兴产业发展奠定了基础；常态化开展海域执法，查处侵渔侵权渔船和各类违法违规船舶300余艘次；精心呵护南海生态环境，污水处理、垃圾转运、海水淡化等工程陆续完成，实施岛礁绿化工程，严厉打击破坏海洋生态环境行为；建设了多个灯塔，成立了海上搜救中心、气象灾害预警发布中心，努力提供船舶导航、海洋气象和海上应急救援等服务。

　　当前，按照国家“一带一路”战略要求，海南正在发挥博鳌亚洲论坛平台作用，加大国际旅游岛的开发开放力度，全力打造海上丝绸之路综合服务保障基地。海南毗邻东南亚诸国，地处南海国际海运要道，区位优势明显。我们愿意以建设“一带一路”战略为契机，发挥独特优势，深化与周边国家在海洋渔业、邮轮旅游、海上航运、海洋资源利用、海洋生态保护、防灾减灾、海上搜救等领域的务实合作，把南海建设成真正的和平之海、友谊之海、合作之海。

　　谢谢！

　　On Great Historic Achievements of Recovery of Xisha and Nansha Islands 70 Years Ago from Perspective of Civil Jurisdiction

　　Lu Junhua Vice Governor of Hainan Province

　　Respected Admiral Wu Shengli and Admiral Miao Hua,

　　Guests and friends,

　　Today is a date worth memorizing forever. On the same day 70 years ago, after the victory of Anti-Fascist war, Xisha and Nansha Islands returned to our motherland, and people in Hainan as well as all Chinese people were filled with joy and happiness。

　　The South China Sea is vast with numerous islands and reefs. It is in the Han Dynasty or even at much earlier time that our ancestors arrived here, discovered, named and explored the Islands. Yi Wu Zhi (An Account of Strange Things)， a document written in Han Dynasty, mentions “Zhanghai Qitou”. “Zhanghai”(the Rising Sea) is the vivid appellation of the South China Sea given by the ancient Chinese people. Hainan is faced with South China Sea, named after it, and goes prosperous with it. The South China Sea is the sacred “Ancestor Sea” in the heart of Hainan fishermen. They have been fishing and navigating all the time from generation to generation here, and therefore have left many traces on the Islands. Even until now, historical remains of buildings in the style of Tang and Song Dynasties are still preserved on Ganquan Island of Xisha. Many fishermen in Hainan labored and lived on the South China Sea islands, and some even rested forever on these islands with their tombs still there. At that time, fishermen had built many temples, which we called “Xiongdigong Temple”， to pray for safety and smooth return from these islands to the mainland。

　　Geng Lu Bu (Manual of Sea Route) was compiled by Hainan fishermen from their experiences in sailing and working, and became their navigation log passed on from generation to generation. Geng is the unit for distance and Lu means direction. Geng Lu Bu does not only mark the position of islands and reefs but also navigation route and the location of fishing waters. It recorded 98 names of South China Sea Islands, among them 22 places are in Xisha, 76 in Nansha。

　　For many centuries, especially after Qin and Han Dynasties, Chinese government has exercised persistent and effective administration over South China Sea islands. In Sui and Tang Dynasties Governor’s Office was established in Hainan Island, and authorized Zhenzhou for the administration of Xisha, Nansha and Zhongsha. In Song Dynasty Naval Forces were organized to patrol and garrison South China Sea. In Ming Dynasty government posts such as Haifangtongzhi were set up, and Hainanwei was established in Guangdong Province, which governed some military forces in Qinglan, Danzhou, Yazhou and took the responsibility to defend South China Sea. In Qing Dynasty naval forces were established in Yazhou to patrol and garrison South China Sea. After the founding of People’s Republic of China, Guangdong and Hainan provinces are successively responsible for the administration of South China Sea and Sansha, which is continuation of history. In March 1959 the Working Committee for Xisha, Nansha and Zhongsha was established in Yongxin Island, and officials were stationed in the island on rotary basis. In 2012 Sansha city was established, which marks a new era for China’s administration of South China Sea。

　　In the four years since Sansha city was established, the government has been operating in good order, its primary-level administration has realized full coverage of inhabited islands in Xisha and Nansha, actively providing basic public services for people in the islands. Intensified efforts have been made to develop characteristic industries such as marine tourism, and more than 100 enterprises have registered in Sansha, laying a foundation for the marine resources exploitation and rising industries development. Law enforcement in sea has been carried out on daily basis and more than 300 ships have been punished for violating law and regulations. Ecological environment in the South China Sea has been protected with intensive care, projects for sewage disposal, rubbish transfer, sea water desalination and landscape engineering have been accomplished, and behaviors of damaging environment are severely punished. Lighthouses, search and rescue center, meteorological disaster forecasting and warning center have been set up to provide services of navigation, meteorology and emergent aids。

　　Currently in accordance with strategic requirement of Belt and Road Initiative, Hainan Province is making full play of Boao Asia Forum, boosting tourism industry, and developing Hainan into International Tourism Island and the comprehensive supporting base for the construction of Maritime Silk Road. Hainan Province is neighboring to Southeast Asian countries and located in the key point of international shipping routes, which provides us with remarkable geographic advantages. We’d like to take the opportunity of Belt and Road Initiative, make full use of our unique advantages, deepen cooperation with neighboring countries in the fields of fishery, cruise tourism, sea shipping, maritime resources exploitation, ocean environment protection, disaster reduction, search and rescue operation, and build South China Sean into a sea of peace, friendship and cooperation. Thank you!